Sabtu, 25 Oktober 2014

POSITION OF PARTS OF SPEECH

Alfaqih Warsono



POSITION  OF PARTS OF SPEECH
1.      NOUNS (N)
Posisi Noun (Kata Benda) dalam Kalimat

N
To be
Cats are a major cause of allergies and asthma.
Verb
Roger G, the school’s 60-year-old headmaster, says:
Boarding has gone out of fashion.
Modals + V
It will be indicated to the user. You may go now.
Of
It seems a town of contrast. The memory of unspoiled rural beauty.
The scientific optimism of Dyer and Erasmus Darwin.
‘s
Like Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar or Miller’s Death of a Salesman.
The youngest voters’ stratum and source of the President’s strongest support in The Poll.

The / a / an
N
The decision is not fair. Kartini’s father, a regent of Jepara. He had an account. According to a report.
of
A couple of American journalists to criticize. On the economy of America.
Quantifiers (some, any, …)
As many American experts as. Some China-watchers believe.
Possessive Pron
But his message on Tuesday was.  The general shape of their narrative is.  I’ll stay in my own home.
Adj demonstrative pron
In this exercise you are.  When they have contract with these fluids.  And for those people.
Cf.  that = the.
Adjective
An artificial satellite.
Various scientific research satellites have been.
A quarter of extraordinarily talented British musicians who were.
Verbial predicate
Some processors have a built-in spelling checker which will..
They adapted standard band and orchestra instruments such as
No
I have no doubt.  Yeltsin has no intention of sleeping down
No smoking in this area.
Other
The other field installations  are.  He takes another way to…
Preposition
Variations on a theme. Played in separate rhythms that..
The ball is hit into the net or…   he’s killed without any help.


2.      ADJECTIVES   (Adj)
Posisi Adjectives (Kata Sifat) dalam Kalimat

To be
Adj
It’s easy to…  The show will be funny.  I’m fine, thanks.
Verbs : (look, become, come, go, make)
You look beautiful with the dress.  I became embarrassed when I slipped down in front of people. The poor man becomes hopeless. The dream comes true. The cake goes bad. You make me happy.
Adverb
Too long to finish.  Very good. For the newly revised science curriculum. Infected with highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease.  Someone who is terminally or hopelessly ill. The place is extremely dangerous.
Adjective
N
There are electric power lines because of… The simplest form of kite.    Auxiliary devices are…  Research report on mobile phone advertisement.

3.      ADVERBS  (Adv)
Posisi Adverb  (Kata Keterangan) dalam Kalimat

To be +Prep
Adv
He’s in the kitchen. The books are on the bench.  It is behind the office.
Verbial Predicate
The car runs fast.    The snail runs slowly. The artist sings melodiously.
Adverb
Adj
Too long to finish.  Very good. For the newly revised science curriculum. Infected with highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease.  Someone who is terminally or hopelessly ill. The place is extremely dangerous.
Subject
Adv+verb
He usually comes late. My uncle sometimes gives me some pocket money.
Adverb,
Sentence
Luckily, the police came on the spot.
Unfortunately, he has no money to buy the cheap shoes.

4.      VERBS (V)
Posisi Verb (Kata Kerja) dalam Kalimat

To be
V
-ing
The bird is singing.  Morning bells are ringing.
V-3

The poor bird is caught.    The thief was killed.
Modals
V-1

Birds will migrate in this Summer.
Adv (of freq)
V

Birds usually breed in the beginning of the season
Have/has/had
V-3

The singing birds have flown away.
Do/does/did
not
V-1
The sick bird does not eat anything.
To
V-1

The blue bird is used to perch on the shoot of the tree
let
V-1

Please let me check your answer.  Let us go. 
Let him sleep.
Causative have
V-1

The policeman had me stop the car. My mother has the maid cook the food.   [Have = ask to]
Make
V-1

What made you do that?
I will make things go well.


REFERENCE (KATA RUJUKAN)

Alfaqih Warsono



REFERENCE (KATA RUJUKAN)
1.      Anaphora (sth before)
Rujukan terhadap sesuatu yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya). Kata-kata rujukannya seperti pada kolom Reference di table di bawah)
Reference
Refers to
It / its
Single noun before
She / her / hers
Single female person before
He / his / him
Single male person before
They / their / theirs
Plural nouns before
This / that
Noun / phrase / clause / sentence before
There  / here
Place (mentioned) before

**catatan :
a.       “It” sebagai kata ganti (pronoun) benda tunggal, misalnya menggantikan : a cat, the photo, my camera, the dream, an organization, the boy’s activity, dll.
b.      “He” sebagai kata ganti orang laki-laki, misalnya menggantikan : a boy, a photographer, a cameraman, Andi, my brother, an actor, dll.
c.       “They” sebagai kata ganti orang atau benda yang lebih dari satu, misalnya menggantikan : some cats, two photos, calendars, people, Andi and Jono, my brothers, our activities, dll

A duck swam in the pool. When I caught, it flapped its wings.  (it / its refers to A duck)
Budi’s mother sings with her friends. She looks happy. (She / her refers to mother)
Yudi’s sister called him with his short name.  (him / his refers to Yudi)
There are some roses in the garden. They are blooming.  (they refers to roses)
Maria lost her money. This made her sad. (this refers to lost her money)
Mimin sometimes cries in the night. I am often afraid of that. (that refers to cries in the night)
The beach is now in disorder. We never go there anymore.  (there refers to the beach)

2.      Cataphora  (sth after)
Rujukan terhadap sesuatu yang akan disebutkan kemudian/setelahnya). Kata-kata rujukannya seperti pada di table di bawah)

It + be + N
It refers to the Noun
It + modals + be + N
It refers to the Noun
It + has + been + N
It refers to the Noun
There is + N
It refers to the Noun
There are + N
It refers to the Noun
There will be + B
It refers to the Noun

It is a sunny day.  It refers to a sunny day
It’s you.   It refers to you
It was Friday yesterday.  It refers to Friday
There is a ball under the table.   There refers to a ball.
It takes ten minutes to do the task.   It refers to to do the task
It is stupid to hide oneself mistakes.  It refers to to hide oneself mistakes